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- WORLD, Page 37America AbroadThe Scientist in the Kremlin
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- By Strobe Talbott
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- The Baltic republics, it is often said, are the
- "laboratory" of Mikhail Gorbachev's experiment in
- liberalization. The metaphor captures the exhilaration and
- omihnousness of what is happening, both there in the Baltics and
- throughout the U.S.S.R. Glasnost, elections and free-market
- economics will help save the Soviet system from itself, or the
- mixture will explode.
-
- The citizens of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania love to watch
- grainy black-and-white documentary films of what it was like 50
- years ago, before their lands were seized by Stalin, invaded by
- Hitler, then colonized by the Kremlin. They remember themselves
- as having been self-reliant yet outward looking. These are among
- the virtues that Gorbachev is now preaching for the Soviet Union
- as a whole. He is a Westernizer, in the tradition of an
- enlightened but ultimately frustrated school of 19th century
- Russian reformers. The Baltics are already the most Westernized
- of the 15 Soviet republics, and they are eager to become more
- so.
-
- The Soviet economy, all but bankrupt when Gorbachev came
- into office nearly five years ago, has actually deteriorated.
- He is beginning to get the blame. He desperately needs to show
- that perestroika is working somewhere, and the Baltics may be
- the best chance he has.
-
- Yet the three republics are also the cause of Gorbachev's
- greatest anxiety. Thanks to his policies of decentralization
- and democratization, the powers that be in the Baltics are
- looking less nervously toward Moscow, but they are also
- listening far more attentively to their own people.
-
- Increasingly, Baltic leaders are hearing demands for
- "national rights." For some proponents the phrase means full
- sovereignty, now. For others it means autonomy within a
- radically more lenient U.S.S.R. Estonian officials are busily
- planning to introduce their own currency, airline and diplomatic
- missions abroad. The so-called popular fronts, with their
- platforms calling for regional self-determination, are well on
- their way to taking over the power structure. The secessionists
- and the federalists disagree about tactics and timetable, but
- not about the dream of independence.
-
- No wonder there is fear and anger in Moscow, particularly
- among Gorbachevites. They believe no Kremlin leader can afford
- to give up Soviet power, not to mention Soviet territory. Many
- American officials share this concern, although they must be
- careful about saying so. In a conceit of diplomatic formalism
- that until recently seemed quaint and futile, the U.S.
- Government has never recognized the legality of the Baltic
- annexation. Support for human and civil rights is, or is
- certainly supposed to be, a constant of American foreign policy.
-
- But now there is a new factor: George Bush is a
- Gorbachevite himself. He doesn't put it that way, nor does he
- like others to do so. But the fact remains that for the first
- time in 72 years, the U.S. has a stake in the survival and
- success of a particular Soviet leader. Bush does not want to see
- the Baltic laboratory blow up any more than do the people who
- live there. Therefore, the American President is plugging not
- just for the citizens of those tragic republics trapped by
- history within the Soviet Union, but also for the extraordinary
- scientist mixing his dangerous chemicals in the Kremlin.
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